Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disease that is progressive and incurable characterized by irregular and clonal multiplication plasmacytes in the bone marrow. The main clinical manifestations caused by the presence of neoplastic cells in the bone tissue, and excessive production of immunoglobulins and humoral immune suppression normal. Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody that promise results in managing the disease multiple myeloma.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the scientific evidence regarding the impact of cytomegalovirus infection in treatment programs daratumumab in multiple myeloma patients extensively pre-treatment.
Methods: For this purpose, an integrative literature review conducted on a different database, which consists of a period of 5 years.
Results: The study analysis revealed that the reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection may occur during the use of daratumumab in previously treated multiple myeloma patients, which led to discontinuation of treatment, compromised drug efficacy and disease progression favored. In addition, it was observed that even with prophylactic antiviral therapy there is a reactivation of infection in some cases, and death, in a more serious situation.
Conclusion: So, even considering some of the reports on these topics is available in the scientific literature, this review suggests that cytomegalovirus reactivation can interfere daratumumab therapy, especially in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients. In addition, this research can contribute as a tool for clinical decisions and management of adverse events in medical practice, demonstrating the importance of monitoring patients for the possibility of cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with heavily pretreated myeloma.
Do cytomegalovirus infections affect the daratumumab treatment course in multiple myeloma patients? – Literature review
Comparison of different cytomegalovirus disease following haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause end-organ disease including pneumonia, gastroenteritis, retinitis, and encephalitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. the potential difference between the different CMV disease remains uncertain.
This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and mortality among the different CMV disease. A retrospective case-control study carried out based on a cohort of 3862 patients undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a single-center. CMV disease occurred in 113 (2.92%) of 3,862 haplo-HSCT recipients, including the possibility of CMV pneumonia (CMVP, n = 34), proved to CMV gastroenteritis (CMVG, n = 34), CMV retinitis (CMVR, n = 31) , the possibility of CMV encephalitis (CMVE, n = 7), and disseminated CMV disease (Di-CMVD, n = 7). Most (91.2%) cases CMVG developed in 100 days, while the majority (90.3%) cases of late-onset CMVR.
Human GFAP Differentiation Reporter (pRedZeo, Virus)
Description: The NFAT Reporter - Jurkat Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of the_x000D_NFAT response element stably integrated into Jurkat cells. This cell line has been validated for_x000D_response to thapsigargin, ionomycin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). It is useful as_x000D_a control cell line for other NFAT reporter cell lines expressing various immune checkpoint_x000D_receptors.
Description: The GAL4 Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of a multimerized GAL4 upstream activation sequence (UAS) stably integrated into HEK293 cells. The cell line does not contain any exogenous activators of the GAL4 reporter and can be used alongside BPS Cat. #60655 as a control.
Human GFAP Differentiation Reporter (pGreenZeo, Virus) Puro
Description: The STAT5 Reporter (Luc)-Ba/F3 cell line is designed for monitoring STAT5 signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by the STAT5 response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines or growth factors, endogenous STAT5 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is designed to study the activation and signaling of Cytosolic DNA Sensors (CDS) in human monocytic cell line THP-1. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by multimerized ISRE (Interferon Stimulated Response Element) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. _x000D_The cGAS-STING pathway acts to detect cytosolic DNA and induce an immune response. Briefly, upon binding DNA, the protein cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase) triggers reaction of GTP and ATP to form cGAMP. cGAMP binds to STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) which triggers phosphorylation of IRF3 via TBK1. IRF3 can then bind to interferon-stimulated responsive elements (ISRE) in the nucleus and leads to IFN-α/β production. The IRF reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is highly responsive to STING and CDS ligands.
Description: NF-B luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of HCT-116 cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene._x000D_The NF-κB-luciferase/HCT-116 cell line is suitable for monitoring the activity of NF-κB signaling in response to stimulants such as the cytokines TNF and IL-1β, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) (i.e. flagellin) or endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules (i.e. NOD1 ligand) (see application references). It is also suitable for establishing cell-based screens for inhibitors that target specific NF-κB stimulating molecules. This cell line can be further modified to allow investigation of downstream NF-κB activities as a result of targeted genetic mutation(s).
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc) HEK293 cell line is designed to monitor nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activity. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or agonists of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene. The cell line has been functionally validated in response to human TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17.
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-Raw 264.7 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: PAI-1 Reporter (Luc)-Mv1 Lu cell line is designed for monitoring transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent regulator of cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, and protein expression._x000D__x000D_PAI-1 Reporter (Luc) -Mv1 Lu cell line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of PAI-1 responsive elements stably integrated into Mv1 Lu (NBL-7) cells, showing TGF-β pathway response. This cell line is validated for the TGF-β response to the induction of PAI-1 gene expression through luciferase activity. _x000D_
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-NIH/3T3 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: An NF-κB luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of CHO-K1 cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by the NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene._x000D_The NF-κB-luciferase / CHO-K1 cell line is suitable for monitoring the activity of NF-κB transcription factor through luminescence readout.). This cell line responds to human cytokine IL-1β, responds moderately to human TNF, and does not respond to human IFN-λ (2 µg/ml). Reducing the amount of serum during incubation period may increase the sensitivity to cytokines. Since CHO-K1 cells do not express endogenous human proteins, this cell line provides an excellent platform to enable exogenous expression of a protein of interest to study its downstream effect on NF-κB signaling.
Bald Lentiviral Pseudovirion (Luc-eGFP Dual Reporter)
Description: The bald lentiviral pseudovirion was produced without envelope glycoproteins such as VSV-G or SARS-CoV-2 spike. It contains a firefly luciferase and eGFP cassette (Luc-P2A-eGFP) as the reporters, driven by a CMV promoter. The bald lentiviral pseudovirion can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors._x000D_
STAT3 Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell line (Puromycin)
Description: The STAT3 Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 cell line is designed for monitoring STAT3 signal transduction pathway. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by STAT3 response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines and growth factors, endogenous STAT3 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The STAT5 Reporter (Luc)-U937 cell line is designed for monitoring STAT5 signal transduction pathway in the U937 cell line. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by the STAT5 response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by GM-CSF, endogenous STAT5 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: NF-κB luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of A549 cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene.
Description: Human Foxp3 luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of Jurkat T- cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by a human Foxp3 promoter and an enhancer-like conserved noncoding sequence upstream of the Foxp3 promoter.
Description: The Spike (B.1.429 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.429 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.429 variant mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.429 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.429 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.Spike Mutations in B.1.429 Variant: S13I W152C L452R D614G
Description: The Spike (B.1.429 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.429 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.429 variant mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.429 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.429 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.Spike Mutations in B.1.429 Variant: S13I W152C L452R D614G
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617 (Kappa, Delta lineage) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.617 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617 (Kappa, Delta lineage) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.617 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.1 (also known as the Kappa Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.617.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility. Spike Mutations in B.1.617.1 Variant:G142DE154KL452RE484QD614GP681RQ1071H
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.1 (also known as the Kappa Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.617.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility. Spike Mutations in B.1.617.1 Variant:G142DE154KL452RE484QD614GP681RQ1071H
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.618 was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.618 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.618 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.618 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.618 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.618 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility. Spike Mutations in B.1.618 Variant:Y145delH146delE484KD614G
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.618 was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. The Spike (B.1.618 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.618 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.618 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.618 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.618 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility. Spike Mutations in B.1.618 Variant:Y145delH146delE484KD614G
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.2 (also known as the Delta Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.617.2 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.2 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.2 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.2 (also known as the Delta Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.617.2 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.2 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.2 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the first new infectious disease identified in the twenty-first century. It is a viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1). The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak. Since 2004, no cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide. A virus very similar to SARS-CoV-1 was discovered in late 2019. This virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative pathogen of COVID-19, the spread of which started the COVID-19 pandemic.SARS-CoV-1 attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The Spike protein on the virus recognizes and binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of human airway epithelia as well as lung parenchyma. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-1 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection.The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-1 Spike (Genbank Accession #YP_009825051.1) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-1 in a cellular context, using a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).
Description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the first new infectious disease identified in the twenty-first century. It is a viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1). The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak. Since 2004, no cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide. A virus very similar to SARS-CoV-1 was discovered in late 2019. This virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the causative pathogen of COVID-19, the spread of which started the COVID-19 pandemic.SARS-CoV-1 attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The Spike protein on the virus recognizes and binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of human airway epithelia as well as lung parenchyma. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-1 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection.The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-1 Spike (Genbank Accession #YP_009825051.1) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-1 in a cellular context, using a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike (SARS-CoV-1) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).
Human MLC-2v Differentiation Reporter (pGreenZeo, Virus), EF1-Neo Marker
Description: NF-κB luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of Jurkat T- cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-kB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene.
CD40/NF-κB Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Stable Cell Line
Description: Recombinant HEK293 cell line expressing full length human CD40 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5; TNFRSF5). Expression is confirmed by real-time qPCR and Western Blot. This NF-κB luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by human CD40 ligand, NF-κB transcription factor binds to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene. _x000D_
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A SARS-CoV-2 variant carrying the spike protein amino acid change D614G has become the most prevalent form in the global pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1; with D614G mutation) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A SARS-CoV-2 variant carrying the spike protein amino acid change D614G has become the most prevalent form in the global pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1; with D614G mutation) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614G pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: The Myc Reporter - HCT116 cell line contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of Myc responsive elements stably integrated into HCT116 cells, a human colon cancer cell line. HCT116 contains a mutated beta-catenin which leads to the accumulation of β-catenin and constitutive activation of downstream Myc that induces the expression of Myc luciferase reporter. The cell line is validated for the inhibition of the expression of Myc luciferase reporter.
GITR / NF-κB-Luciferase Reporter (Luc) - Jurkat Cell Line
Description: This cell line expresses a surface human GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related gene; TNFRSF18; CD357) and an NF-κB luciferase reporter construct that are stably integrated into the genome of Jurkat T-cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene. The cells have been validated using purified human GITRL and anti-GITR neutralizing antibody.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.1.529 (also known as the Omicron Variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.1.529 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.1.529 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.1.529 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience, #79951).
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.1.529 (also known as the Omicron Variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.1.529 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.1.529 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.1.529 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience, #79951).
Description: The GAS reporter (Luc)-HeLa cell line is designed to monitor the activity of interferon gamma-induced signal transduction pathways in cultured cells by measuring activated STAT1 homodimers. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by three copies of the interferon gamma-activated sites (GAS) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. IFNγ first binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of two chains, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2, causing its dimerization and the activation of specific Janus family kinases (JAK1 and JAK2). Two STAT1 molecules associate with this ligand-activated receptor complex and are activated by phosphorylation to form active homodimer. The active STAT1 homodimers translocate to the nucleus where they bind interferon gamma-activated sites (GAS) in the promoter of IFNγ inducible genes, including luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.2.1 (also known as the Delta Plus Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.617.2.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.2.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. Compared to the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), variant Delta Plus has an additional mutation, K417N. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.2.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Spike (B.1.617.2.1; Delta Plus Variant) Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc Reporter)
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.617.2.1 (also known as the Delta Plus Variant) was identified in India in the spring of 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.617.2.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.617.2.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. Compared to the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), variant Delta Plus has an additional mutation, K417N. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.617.2.1 Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK Variant) Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc Reporter)
Description: The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK variant) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 UK Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with UK variant mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK variant) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 UK variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK Variant) Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc Reporter)
Description: The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK variant) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 UK Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with UK variant mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, UK variant) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 UK variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection._x000D_ The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc-eGFP dual reporter) were produced by replacing the VSV-G fusion glycoprotein with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1) as a surrogate viral envelope protein. These pseudovirions also contain a firefly luciferase and eGFP cassette (Luc-P2A-eGFP) driven by a CMV promoter. The luciferase and eGFP are coexpressed under the CMV promoter in the transduced cells. Therefore, the Spike-mediated entry into the target cell can be conveniently measured via luciferase reporter activity or eGFP expression. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus can be used in a cellular assay to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2._x000D_
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection._x000D_ The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc-eGFP dual reporter) were produced by replacing the VSV-G fusion glycoprotein with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1) as a surrogate viral envelope protein. These pseudovirions also contain a firefly luciferase and eGFP cassette (Luc-P2A-eGFP) driven by a CMV promoter. The luciferase and eGFP are coexpressed under the CMV promoter in the transduced cells. Therefore, the Spike-mediated entry into the target cell can be conveniently measured via luciferase reporter activity or eGFP expression. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus can be used in a cellular assay to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2._x000D_
Description: Recombinant HEK293 cells expressing firefly luciferase gene under the control of cAMP response element (CRE) with constitutive expression of human GLP-1R (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; accession number BC113493)._x000D_GLP-1R, a member of the class B family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) primarily found in pancreatic β cells, is activated by a peptide hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that is secreted from intestinal L-cells after nutrient ingestion. GLP-1R plays an important role in controlling blood sugar level by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, so various research efforts have focused on the regulation of the GLP-1R mediated signaling pathway as a therapeutic approach to diabetes.
Description: The Spike (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.351) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.351 mutations (L18F, D80A, D215G, R246I, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.351) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: The Spike (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.351) Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.351 mutations (L18F, D80A, D215G, R246I, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.351) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: In Brazil, a variant called P.1 was first identified in the summer of 2020. This variant has many mutations that may lead to higher transmissibility and infectivity. The Spike (P.1) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike (Genbank #QHD43416.1 with P.1 mutations (L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSVG. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (P.1) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 (P.1) variant using a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: In Brazil, a variant called P.1 was first identified in the summer of 2020. This variant has many mutations that may lead to higher transmissibility and infectivity. The Spike (P.1) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike (Genbank #QHD43416.1 with P.1 mutations (L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSVG. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (P.1) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 (P.1) variant using a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
CRE/CREB Reporter (Luc) - Jurkat Cell Line (cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway)
Description: The CRE/CREB Reporter (Luc) - Jurkat Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of multimerized cAMP response element (CRE) stably integrated into Jurkat cells. Elevation of the intracellular cAMP level activates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) to bind CRE and induces the expression of luciferase. This cell line is validated for response to stimulation by Forskolin.
CRE/CREB Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line (cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway)
Description: The cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway CRE/CREB Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line is designed for monitoring the activity of the cAMP/ PKA signaling pathway. The cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway CRE/CREB Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of multimerized cAMP response element (CRE) stably integrated into HEK293 cells. Elevation of the intracellular cAMP level activates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) to bind CRE and induces the expression of luciferase.
Description: The Spike (K417T, E484K, N501Y) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with mutations K417T, E484K, and N501Y) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, K417T, E484K, N501Y) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 K417T, E484K, N501Y variant in intact cells using a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Description: The Spike (K417T, E484K, N501Y) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with mutations K417T, E484K, and N501Y) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (SARS-CoV-2, K417T, E484K, N501Y) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 K417T, E484K, N501Y variant in intact cells using a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_
Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc Reporter)
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.621 (also known as the Mu Variant) was first identified in Columbia in early 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that may increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.621 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against the B.1.621 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentivirus (Luc Reporter)
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.621 (also known as the Mu Variant) was first identified in Columbia in early 2021. This variant has a number of mutations that may increase morbidity and mortality and allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants.The Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.621 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.621, Mu Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against the B.1.621 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.
GR-GAL4 Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 Cell Line (Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway)
Description: The Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway GAL4 Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line contains a_x000D_firefly luciferase gene under the control of glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain that is_x000D_fused to the DNA binding domain (DBD) of GAL4 (GAL4 DBD-GR) stably integrated into_x000D_HEK293 cells. This fusion construct activates firefly luciferase expression under the control of a_x000D_multimerized GAL4 upstream activation sequence (UAS). This allows for specific detection of_x000D_glucocorticoid-induced activation of the glucocorticoid receptor without the need for individual_x000D_transcriptional targets and with low cross-reactivity for other nuclear receptor pathways. This cell_x000D_line is validated for response to stimulation of dexamethasone and to the treatment with_x000D_mifepristone, an inhibitor of the glucocorticoid signaling pathway.
Description: The Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway plays an important role in the cellular antioxidant defense. Nrf2, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, induces the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes by binding to the ARE (antioxidant response element) region of the gene promoter. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 is retained in the cytosol by binding to the cytoskeletal protein Keap1. Upon exposure to oxidative stress or other ARE activators, Nrf2 is released from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it can bind to the ARE, leading to the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes that protect the cell from oxidative damage. The ARE Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by ARE located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The SRE (Serum Response Element) Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the Serum Response Element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter . After transduction, activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The Myc Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the Myc response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and an antibiotic selection gene (puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, the Myc signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The UAS (Upstream Activation Sequence) Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by a multimerized GAL4 upstream activation sequence (UAS) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and an antibiotic selection gene (puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, the UAS-controlled signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The p53 Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce most types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by p53 response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1) and an antibiotic selection gene (puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, p53-regulated gene expression in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The Hypoxia Response Element (HRE) Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce most types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of a hypoxia response elements (HRE) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1) and an antibiotic selection gene (puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, the induction of hypoxia in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
pGreenFire 2.0 Estrogen response element reporter virus (pGF2-ERE-rFluc-T2A-GFP-mPGK-Puro)
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. The Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529 variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of February 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into four distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3.The Spike (BA.2, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.2 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.2, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron BA.2 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in BA.2, Omicron Variant: T19I, LPPA24-27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. The Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529 variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of February 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into four distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3.The Spike (BA.2, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.2 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.2, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron BA.2 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in BA.2, Omicron Variant: T19I, LPPA24-27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. Omicron Variant was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of May 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into seven distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5.The Spike (BA.2.12.1, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.2.12.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.2.12.1, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.12.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron BA.2.12.1 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. Omicron Variant was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of May 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into seven distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5.The Spike (BA.2.12.1, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.2.12.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.2.12.1, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.12.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike Omicron BA.2.12.1 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).
Description: The Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation and cell death. It is activated by high cell density and cell stress to stop cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The mammalian Hippo pathway comprises MST kinases and LATS kinases. When the Hippo pathway is activated, MST kinases phosphorylate LATS kinases, which phosphorylate transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Unphosphorylated YAP and TAZ remain in nucleus and interact with TEAD/TEF transcriptional factors to turn on cell cycle-promoting gene transcription. However, when phosphorylated, YAP and TAZ are recruited from the nucleus to the cytosol, so that the YAP and TAZ-dependent gene transcription is turned off. Dysfunction of the Hippo pathway is frequently detected in human cancer and its down-regulation correlates with the aggressive properties of cancer cells and poor prognosis. The TEAD Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the TEAD response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the Hippo pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity._x000D_
Description: The STAT3 Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene under the control of STAT3-responsive element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity._x000D_
Description: The STAT5 Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene under the control of STAT5-responsive element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the STAT5 signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
NF-kB/293/GFP-Luc Transcriptional Reporter Cell Line
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. Omicron Variant was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of May 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into seven distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5. Among them, BA.4 and BA.5 have identical mutations on their spike protein. The spike protein of BA.4 and BA.5 are referred as BA.4/5 in this datasheet.The Spike (BA.4/5, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.4/5 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.4/5, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the Spike Omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in BA.4/5, Omicron Variant:Del69-70, T19I, LPPA24-27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, L452R, S477N, T478K, E484A, F486V, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. Omicron Variant was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. As of May 2022, Omicron variants have been divided into seven distinct sub-lineages: BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5. Among them, BA.4 and BA.5 have identical mutations on their spike protein. The spike protein of BA.4 and BA.5 are referred as BA.4/5 in this datasheet.The Spike (BA.4/5, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 containing all the Omicron BA.4/5 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (BA.4/5, Omicron Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the Spike Omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in BA.4/5, Omicron Variant:Del69-70, T19I, LPPA24-27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, L452R, S477N, T478K, E484A, F486V, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K
Description: The NF-κB Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The NFAT eGFP Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain an enhanced GFP gene driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by examining eGFP expression._x000D_
Description: The main role of the cAMP response element, or CRE, is mediating the effects of Protein Kinase A (PKA) by way of transcription. Upon phosphorylation, CREB forms a functionally active dimer that binds the CRE element within the promoters of target genes and activates transcription. CRE is at the focus of many extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including cAMP, calcium, GPCR (G-protein coupled receptors) and neurotrophins. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is critical to numerous life processes in living organisms.The CRE/CREB Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by multimerized cAMP response element (CRE) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The STAT3 eGFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain an eGFP gene under the control of a STAT3-responsive element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter . After transduction, activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by examining eGFP expression.
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.1.529 BA.1 (also known as the Omicron Variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. A sub-lineage of BA.1 with an R346K substitution in the spike protein is classified as B.1.1.529 BA.1.1.The Spike (B.1.1.529 BA.1.1, Omicron Variant R346K) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.1.529 BA.1.1, Omicron Variant R346K Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 Omicron Variant R346K:A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, Δ211, L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, R346K, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection. A variant called B.1.1.529 BA.1 (also known as the Omicron Variant) was identified in South Africa in November of 2021. This variant has a large number of mutations that allow the virus to spread more easily and quickly than other variants. A sub-lineage of BA.1 with an R346K substitution in the spike protein is classified as B.1.1.529 BA.1.1.The Spike (B.1.1.529 BA.1.1, Omicron Variant R346K) (SARS-CoV-2) Pseudotyped Lentiviruses were produced with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 Variant Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1 with B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 mutations; see below for details) as the envelope glycoprotein instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be measured via luciferase activity. The Spike (B.1.1.529 BA.1.1, Omicron Variant R346K Variant) (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus can be used to measure the activity of a neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 variant in a Biosafety Level 2 facility.The Spike B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 pseudovirus has been validated for use with target cells ACE2-HEK293 (which overexpress ACE2; BPS Bioscience #79951).Spike Mutations in B.1.1.529 BA.1.1 Omicron Variant R346K:A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D, Δ143-145, Δ211, L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, R346K, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F
Description: The NFAT Luciferase-RFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase and RFP (Red Fluorescent Protein) cassette driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and a hygromycin or puromycin selection gene to generate stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity or RFP expression. RFP fluoresces red-orange when excited; it has an excitation wavelength of 553 nm, and an emission wavelength of 574 nm.
Description: The NFAT Luciferase-RFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase and RFP (Red Fluorescent Protein) cassette driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and a hygromycin or puromycin selection gene to generate stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity or RFP expression. RFP fluoresces red-orange when excited; it has an excitation wavelength of 553 nm, and an emission wavelength of 574 nm.
Description: The NF-κB eGFP Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to infect almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain an enhanced GFP gene driven by the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by examining eGFP expression.
Description: The CRE/CREB eGFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain an eGFP gene driven by a multimerized cAMP response element (CRE) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter . After transduction, activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by examining eGFP expression.
Description: The IL-2 Promoter Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the human IL-2 promoter. After transduction, activation of the IL-2 signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity._x000D_
Description: The IL-8 Promoter Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the human IL-8 promoter. After transduction, activation of the IL-8 signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity._x000D_
Bald Lentiviral Pseudovirion (Luciferase Reporter)
Description: The bald lentiviral pseudovirion was produced without envelope glycoproteins such as VSV-G or SARS-CoV-2 spike. It contains the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter as the reporter. The bald lentiviral pseudovirion can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors._x000D_
Description: The NFAT Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1) and an antibiotic selection gene (hygromycin, puromycin, or G418) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The NFAT Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and an antibiotic selection gene (hygromycin or puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The NFAT Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and an antibiotic selection gene (hygromycin or puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The Xenobiotic response element (XRE) Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce most types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by three copies of an XRE located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1), and an antibiotic selection gene (puromycin) for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The Negative Control eGFP Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to infect almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) gene under the control of a minimal TATA promoter, without any additional transcriptional response elements.
Description: The NFAT reporter (Luciferase)-THP-1 cell line is designed for monitoring the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) signaling pathway in THP-1 cells by measuring luciferase activity. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. Upon activation by NFAT activators such as Ionomycin, endogenous NFAT transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The bald lentiviral pseudovirion was produced without envelope glycoproteins such as VSV-G or SARS-CoV-2 spike. It contains the eGFP gene driven by a CMV promoter as the reporter. The bald lentiviral pseudovirion can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors._x000D_
Description: The SBE Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus (TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway) are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by multimerized SBE-responsive element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity._x000D_
Description: The bald VSV Delta G (Luciferase Reporter) was produced without envelope glycoproteins. It contains the firefly luciferase gene as the reporter. The bald VSV Delta G (Luciferase Reporter) can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors.
Description: The bald VSV Delta G (Luciferase Reporter) was produced without envelope glycoproteins. It contains the firefly luciferase gene as the reporter. The bald VSV Delta G (Luciferase Reporter) can serve as a negative control when studying virus entry initiated by specific interactions between virus particles and receptors.
Description: The NFAT Luciferase-eGFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase and eGFP cassette driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1) and a puromycin selection gene to generate stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity or eGFP expression.
Description: The NFAT Luciferase-eGFP Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase and eGFP cassette driven by the NFAT response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter (Figure 1) and a puromycin selection gene to generate stable clones. After transduction, activation of the NFAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity or eGFP expression.
Description: The AP1 Reporter Kit is designed for monitoring the activity of the JNK signaling pathway and the transcriptional activity of AP1 in cultured cells. The kit contains a transfection-ready AP1 luciferase reporter vector. This reporter contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of multimerized AP1 responsive elements located upstream of a minimal promoter. The AP1 reporter is premixed with a constitutively-expressing Renilla (sea pansy) luciferase vector that serves as an internal control for transfection efficiency. The kit also includes a non-inducible firefly luciferase vector premixed with constitutively-expressing Renilla luciferase vector as a negative control. The non-inducible luciferase vector contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a minimal promoter, without any additional response elements. The negative control is critical for determining pathway-specific effects and the background luciferase activity.
Description: The stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) family of proteins includes mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are activated by stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitogens, oncogenes, and inducers of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Upon activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway, MAP Kinase Kinases phosphorylate and activate JNKs. The activated JNKs translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as c-Jun. c-Jun then binds to the activator protein-1 (AP1) response element and induces AP1 transcription. The AP1 Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by AP1 response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, activation of the JNK signaling pathway and AP1 mediated activity in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The Notch CSL Reporter - HEK293 cell line contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of Notch-response elements (CSL responsive elements) stably integrated into HEK293 cells. Transfection of this cell line with a Notch expression vector and activation of the Notch pathway leads to expression of luciferase reporter. This cell line is validated with a Notch1DelE expression vector, which is constitutively processed by γ-secretase, leading to the release of NICD and the expression of luciferase.
Description: The STAT3 Reporter Jurkat cell line is designed for monitoring the STAT3 signal transduction pathway. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by STAT3 response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines or growth factors, endogenous STAT3 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: The GAS Luciferase Reporter Lentiviruses are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to transduce almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by three copies of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) activated sites (GAS) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter and a puromycin selection gene for the selection of stable clones. After transduction, the GAS-regulated gene expression in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: The RARα Reporter Cellular Assay Pack provides all the key reagents required to monitor the activity of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα). The pack contains the RARα Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 Cell Line, a luciferase reporter cell line that contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of retinoic acid response elements stably integrated into HEK293 cells along with full length human RARα (GenBank Accession No. NM_000964). This cell line is functionally validated for the response to the stimulation of all-trans retinoic acid, and the expression of RARα is confirmed by Western blotting._x000D_Additionally, the pack includes cell culture medium (Thaw Medium 6) that has been optimized for use with HEK293 cells. Thaw Medium 6 includes 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Pen/Strep. Finally, the pack provides the ONE-Step™ Luciferase Detection System. This reagent provides highly sensitive, stable detection of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase activity. The ONE-Step luciferase reagent can be used directly in cells in growth medium, and can be detected with any luminometer; automated injectors are not required.
Description: The RARβ Reporter Cellular Assay Pack provides all the key reagents required to monitor the activity of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ). The pack contains the RARβ Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 Cell Line, a luciferase reporter cell line that contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of retinoic acid response elements stably integrated into HEK293 cells along with full length human RARα (GenBank Accession No. P10826-2). This cell line is functionally validated for the response to the stimulation of all-trans retinoic acid, and the expression of RARβ is confirmed by Western blotting._x000D_Additionally, the pack includes cell culture medium (Thaw Medium 6) that has been optimized for use with HEK293 cells. Thaw Medium 6 includes 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Pen/Strep. Finally, the pack provides the ONE-Step™ Luciferase Detection System. This reagent provides highly sensitive, stable detection of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase activity. The ONE-Step luciferase reagent can be used directly in cells in growth medium, and can be detected with any luminometer; automated injectors are not required.
Description: The RARγ Reporter Cellular Assay Pack provides all the key reagents required to monitor the activity of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ). The pack contains the RARγ Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 Cell Line, a luciferase reporter cell line that contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of retinoic acid response elements stably integrated into HEK293 cells along with full length human RARα (GenBank Accession No. P13631-1). This cell line is functionally validated for the response to the stimulation of all-trans retinoic acid, and the expression of RARγ is confirmed by Western blotting._x000D_Additionally, the pack includes cell culture medium (Thaw Medium 6) that has been optimized for use with HEK293 cells. Thaw Medium 6 includes 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Pen/Strep. Finally, the pack provides the ONE-Step™ Luciferase Detection System. This reagent provides highly sensitive, stable detection of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase activity. The ONE-Step luciferase reagent can be used directly in cells in growth medium, and can be detected with any luminometer; automated injectors are not required.
Description: Notch Pathway Reporter kit is designed for monitoring the activity of the Notch signaling pathway in cultured cells. The kit contains a transfection-ready expression vector for Human NOTCH1 that has a deletion of the entire extracellular domain, leaving the transmembrane and intracellular domains intact (Notch1DE). Inside the cells, the NOTCH1 DE is cleaved by γ-secretase and active NOTCH1 NICD is released into the nucleus. The kit also contains CSL (CBF1/RBP-Jk) luciferase reporter vector, which is a Notch pathway-responsive reporter. This reporter contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of multimerized CSL responsive elements upstream of a minimal promoter. The CSL (CBF1/RBP-Jk) reporter is premixed with constitutively expressing Renilla (sea pansy) luciferase vector, which serves as an internal positive control for transfection efficiency._x000D_The kit also includes a non-inducible firefly luciferase vector premixed with constitutively-expressing Renilla luciferase vector as a negative control. The non-inducible luciferase vector contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of a minimal promoter, but without any additional response elements. The negative control is critical for determining pathway specific effects and background luciferase activity._x000D_This kit contains the expression vector for Human Notch1DE. We also offer the Mouse Notch1DE expression vector (BPS Bioscience #60509), as well as a Mouse Notch1 NICD expression vector, which is constitutively active without processing by γ-secretase (BPS Bioscience #79504)._x000D_
Description: The STAT3 Luciferase Reporter THP-1 cell line is designed for monitoring the STAT3 signal transduction pathway. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by STAT3 response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines or growth factors, endogenous STAT3 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.
Description: Human IL-2 reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of Jurkat T-cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by a human IL-2 promoter.
Description: The JAK/STAT pathway is activated by various cytokines and growth factors and plays a critical role in cell growth, hematopoiesis, and immune response. In mammals, there are four JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2) and seven STAT proteins. IFNα is a Type I interferon. Binding of IFNα to its receptor leads to the activation of JAK1 and TYK2, which in turn phosphorylate and activate STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STAT1 and 2 form a heterodimer and bind to IRF9/p48, forming a protein complex ISGF3. This complex translocates to the nucleus and binds to the ISRE (Interferon Stimulated Response Element) in the promoter region, thereby promoting transcription of interferon-inducible genes. The ISRE Luciferase Reporter Lentivirus are replication incompetent, HIV-based, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles that are ready to be transduced into almost all types of mammalian cells, including primary and non-dividing cells. The particles contain a firefly luciferase gene driven by multimerized ISRE response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After transduction, the activity of Type I interferon-induced JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the target cells can be monitored by measuring the luciferase activity.
Description: Recombinant HEK293 cells expressing the firefly luciferase gene under the control of cAMP response element (CRE), and with forced expression of human GIPR (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide receptor; NM_000164.4). Activation of GIPR in these cells can be monitored by measuring luciferase activity._x000D_The functionality of the GIPR/CRE Luciferase Reporter HEK293 Cell Line was validated in a dose-response assay using agonists gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and tirzepatide hydrochloride. These agonists induce luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner as depicted in Figure 1._x000D_
_x000D_Figure 1. Illustration of the GIPR/CRE Luciferase Reporter HEK293 Cell line.
Description: The FOXO Reporter kit is designed to monitor activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the transcriptional activity of FOXO proteins in cultured cells. The kit contains the transfection-ready FOXO3 expression vector and the FOXO luciferase reporter vector, which is a PI3K/Akt pathway-responsive reporter. This reporter contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of multimers of the FOXO responsive element located upstream of a minimal promoter. The FOXO reporter is premixed with a constitutively-expressing Renilla (sea pansy) luciferase vector, which serves as an internal control for the transfection efficiency. The kit also includes a non-inducible firefly luciferase vector premixed with constitutively-expressing Renilla luciferase vector as negative control. The non-inducible luciferase vector also contains the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a minimal promoter, but without any additional response elements. The negative control is critical to determining pathway-specific effects and background luciferase activity.
Description: The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions also contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be conveniently measured via luciferase reporter activity. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_ _x000D_
Description: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the first step of the viral replication, the virus attaches to the host cell surface before entering the cell. The viral Spike protein recognizes and attaches to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the surface of type I and II pneumocytes, endothelial cells, and ciliated bronchial epithelial cells. Drugs targeting the interaction between the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may offer protection against the viral infection._x000D_The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus were produced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Genbank Accession #QHD43416.1) as the envelope glycoproteins instead of the commonly used VSV-G. These pseudovirions also contain the firefly luciferase gene driven by a CMV promoter, therefore, the spike-mediated cell entry can be conveniently measured via luciferase reporter activity. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus can be used to measure the activity of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in a Biosafety Level 2 facility._x000D_ _x000D_
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Fire-resistant CMV infection and CMV viral load at different levels associated with an increased risk of CMVP, CMVG, and CMVR. Compared with patients without CMV disease, significantly higher non-relapse mortality at 1 year after transplantation was observed in patients with CMVP and CMVR not CMVG. Patients with CMVP, In-CMVD, and CMVE have an overall mortality rate higher after diagnosis than patients with CMVG and CMVR (61.7%, 57.1%, 40.0% vs 27.7%, 18.6% , P = 0.001). In conclusion, time of onset, the viral dynamics, and different mortality between different CMV disease. CMV disease mortality remains high, especially for the CMVP, In-CMVD, and CMVE.
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